Geothermal Utilization ( Geothermal ) As Alternative Energy

Geothermal Utilization ( Geothermal ) As Alternative Energy

Geothermal Utilization ( Geothermal ) As Alternative Energy

Geothermal Utilization ( Geothermal ) As Alternative EnergyIndonesia's geological position is located in an active volcanic path ( ring of fire ) make Indonesia the world awarded with potential mineral and energy resources are relatively abundant one geothermal resources ( Geothermal ) . In language , the word Geothermal comes from two words geo which means earth and thermal means heat . So the term is defined as Geothermal Geothermal . Geothermal energy is defined as heat that is formed naturally under the earth's surface .
            Of the total potential of geothermal resources globally , 40 % are in Indonesia. Geothermal resources stored in the bowels of the earth , Indonesia is divided into two groups . The first is the geothermal resources within the volcanic track . This geothermal resources since spread from Sumatra , Java , Bali , NTB , NTT , North Sulawesi and North Maluku . The second one is the non- volcanic geothermal resources spread across the island of Bangka - Belitung , West Kalimantan , South Sulawesi , Southeast Sulawesi , Central Sulawesi , Maluku and Papua . Geothermal energy is an alternative energy source that is expected to replace fossil energy sources such as petroleum, diesel and coal in generating electricity .
            The government itself long ago , has issued a series of arrangements to encourage improved management of geothermal energy in Indonesia . Starting from the issuance of Decree 74 of 1974 which authorizes operation of geothermal resources to Pertamina . Later this rule was followed by Presidential Decree No. 22/1981 and Presidential Decree No. refinement 45/1991 . In 2000 issued Presidential Decree No. 76/2000 which revoked Pertamina 's monopoly in the exploitation of geothermal energy in Indonesia with private participation opportunities . Most recently, in 2003 issued Law No. 27 of 2003 on Geothermal , followed by the issuance of Government Regulation No. 59 of 2007 on Geothermal Operations . With the publication of this Act , all rules geothermal concession refers to the laws of this and all ordinances . However, for contracts geothermal exploitation of existing ( existing ) whereabouts remain honored until the expiration of the contract . Then in 2006 , the President issued a Presidential Decree . 5 Year 2006 on National Energy Policy which contains strategies to ensure energy security in Indonesia . This policy has been formulated in the energy mix by 2025 is to reduce the consumption of fossil energy and replace it with renewable energy .a. Utilization of geothermal energy in Indonesia
            Geothermal energy has the advantage of :

   1 . 1 . Sustainable , Earth Heat is a natural resource that can be updated , potentially large , controlled by the state and has an important role as one of the preferred energy source . Unlike other renewable energy , geothermal energy is always available making it suitable as a substitute for coal ;
   2 . 2 . Environmentally friendly , geothermal utilization relatively environmentally friendly , mainly because it does not contribute to greenhouse gases ;
   3 . 3 . Not affected by fluctuations in oil prices . Utilization of geothermal energy will reduce dependence on fossil fuels that can save oil reserves can save foreign exchange for replacing fossil fuels .
   4 . 4 . Does not require storage, transportation , and large tracts of landT.
            Currently geothermal field development in Ulubelu , Lampung Province is being done . This field has been successfully drilled twelve (12 ) wells with potential vapor from the test production of 80 MW . Geothermal field development is also being held at Moss Hall ( South Sumatra ) , Full River ( Jambi ) , Hululais ( Bengkulu Province ) , Kotamobagu ( North Sulawesi ) , Karaha ( West Java Province ) .
            Even so , the utilization of geothermal energy in Indonesia is not maximized . Of 40 % or about 27,000 MW of 219 million barrels of oil equivalent earth geothermal potential in Indonesia , only 4 % , or about 1,189 MW of which has been utilized energy for power generation with the largest installed capacity is in the region of West Java is equal to 1057 MW ( 20 % of reserves ) , followed by a 60 MW Central Java , North Sulawesi and North Sumatra 60 MW 12 MW . The condition is caused due to several constraints encountered in the form of :1 . 1 . Lack of investment to support the achievement of the target of increasing the utilization of geothermal 2 . Lack of price incentives and mechanisms in accordance with the environmental benefit to invest especially with higher risk in geothermal areas that have not been explored 3 . Limited institutional capacity to plan for the development of geothermal energy and involve the developers 4 . Weak local capacity in the field of resource assessment , equipment manufacture , construction , and maintenance of water mengjalankan and geothermal plants .b . Geothermal utilization in West Sumatra
            Lodging in West Sumatra province alone , according to data from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources , Directorate General of Mineral , Coal and Geothermal , potential areas have geothermal resources consist of :NO .
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            Against the geothermal potential located in the province of West Sumatra Governor Irwan Prayitno in his speech delivered at the Provincial Coordination Meeting . West Sumatra with the Regent / Mayor in West Sumatra ( 19/07/2011 ) said that it has made ​​efforts to develop geothermal energy by way of promotion , assessment approaches and cooperation with the German investors and the United States , because it takes a very large fee + U.S. $ 3,000,000 per MW . As a result of the visit to Germany at the end of the year , 2010, the Germans through the Bavarian State was ready to help through development cooperation Geothermal Power Plant in West Sumatra province . In order to support the continued cooperation and assistance ( grant , loan , etc. ) from the German for West Sumatera , it takes the form of a thorough review of the Feasibility Study and the support of the Minister / Head of Bappenas .
                Further West Sumatra provincial government is also planning the construction of five geothermal power plant package ( geothermal ) for the implementation of the medium -term development of the region ( PJMD ) 2011-2015 . Construction of five geothermal power plant package is financed by the central government funds in the state budget each year . Within five years of implementation will be carried out RPJMD each development package Geothermal power plants each year , so that by the end of 2015 woke up five power generation package .

energy source best algae

energy source best algae

energy source best algae

 Various studies reinforce the notion that algae is the best alternative energy source in the world .
energy source best algae The first study on the potential of algae as a source of energy was conducted by researchers at Rutgers University .
energy source best algae Nowadays , with the help of many researchers from other universities , information regarding the possibility of generating alternative energy from algae , the amount of production costs , product - by-product produced and its impact on the environment , has been available .
One researcher who focuses on algae for years is Dr . Paul Falkowski . As quoted in the site Bionomicfuel , Dr . Falkowski examine the possibility of algae as an alternative energy source more effectively and cheaply . He also investigated the possibility to extract oil from algae as a biodiesel feedstock .
Another researcher Dr . Mark Venable , head of the Department of Biology at Appalachian State University in North Carolina , is also researching the benefits of algae as an energy source .
Dr. . Venable has a laboratory that examined fat (lipids ) or oil , including that contained naturally in algae .
energy source best algae Professor Venable and students , running several research projects of interest include how algae produce more oil with cheaper cost . They also investigated the metabolic changes in the key processes of algae oil production from this plant .
Cultivation of algae biomass of plants known as Algaculture , the possibility could be the solution to the energy needs of the future that can reduce carbon emissions and global warming risks .
 energy source best algae Bacteria in Algae will likely be the best energy source in the future . Oil content in algae could reach more than 50 % , which can be used as raw material for biodiesel .
Algae offers many benefits compared to other renewable energy sources such as corn and soybeans are used as a biofuel feedstock .
Corn and soybeans are the crops , so that could threaten food security for the poor in many countries . To grow corn and soybeans are also needed that amount of arable land increasingly scarce in the world .
Algae can be developed anywhere, even in a ditch in the sea . Algae production process extremely efficient , inexpensive and contains energy and oil in large quantities .
In the growth process , the algae absorb carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) in large quantities and can grow in any kind of water , even sewage . Algae require only sunlight to grow and it only takes a few hours to produce energy back .
energy source best algae Algae is not toxic and does not contain sulfur so environmentally friendly and easily recyclable biologically . It is increasingly becoming the reason why algae could be the best solution for the energy crisis in the future .
The researchers currently are working hard to realize these potentials to reduce the world's dependence on fossil fuels that pollute the world and not only damage the environment but also fueling climate change and global warming .
editorial Hijauku.com

Jatropha For Alternative Energy

Jatropha For Alternative Energy

Jatropha For Alternative Energy

Jatropha For Alternative Energy In general geographical conditions in the province of East Nusa Tenggara fairly barren . But behind the desolate geography , NTT as if endowed with the opportunity , as the precursor of the development of alternative energy in the form of a tree (Jatropha ) . This type of tree is very suitable to the climate in the province , with low rainfall is 200-1500 mm / year , and are by and large of land in the province that have shallow solum .
Jatropha For Alternative Energy This one tree species , not known to the public the new NTT , but long before that , the local community has been used as a material for lighting . But the problem is , the level of public knowledge about the existence of a very minimal this tree as a future alternative energy that is friendly to the environment (environmentally ) . Such constraints are also due to the government's lack of education on the advantages of Jatropha as an alternative energy future .Jatropha For Alternative Energy In 2008 , precisely in June , I am a student of Mathematics and Science Study Group Coordinator Baolang ( KKSMB ) , initiated the thematic activities at a time when the semester off with the theme : Popularizing TREE VILLAGE JATROPHA BAOLANG . Our first step is to get closer to the Jatropha plant . Through multiple approaches and cooperation with the Forest Service , we obtain seeds and educational guidebook of Agriculture Office Alor .Jatropha For Alternative Energy Initial steps I and my friends are socializing Jatropha movement . Of the steps we take is to disseminate from village to village . Thanks to the cooperation and response Baolang farmer groups in the village , every community facilitated KKSMB to fence his garden with Jatropha . Until now , almost the average farmer fence in the garden or farm with Jatropha trees .Jatropha For Alternative Energy For us , with all kemanfatan Jathropa as an environmentally friendly alternative energy , this is certainly the first step . At the very least , a time when the government and the public are increasingly aware that fossil fuels as the primary energy that we rely on for these endangered , would inevitably we are looking for options such as Jatropha as an alternative energy bio energy . With the condition of the people who are ready with alternative energy such as tree planting Jatropha , the next government will not sualit related breakthrough alternative energy future .Now is the extra effort required from the local government . Massive education and awareness of alternative energy will increasingly grow in the midst of society . It 's what we found in the field . Now is the government's duty to create awareness - clicking them in a more concrete form and oriented and our energy future . from : abdulmunirsara.blogspot.com

alternative technologies: alternative energy maize

alternative technologies: alternative energy maize

alternative technologies: alternative energy maize

alternative technologies: alternative energy maize: corn energy future If the first green gold designation given to logs because substantial contribution to state revenue , next to the titl...

alternative energy maize

alternative energy maize

alternative energy maize

corn energy futureIf the first green gold designation given to logs because substantial contribution to state revenue , next to the title seems to be shifting to crops that can be used as an alternative energy . Defeating this will replace the green gold sheen black gold we are now beginning to fade due to reduced crude oil reserves . Moreover, imports of crude oil and products minj'ak tend to increase every year in line with higher commodity prices in the international market . alternative energy maize For that reason the government issued Presidential Regulation . 5/2006 and Presidential Decree No. . 1/2006 on January 25, 2006 on Energy Policy , in particular the use of energy derived from vegetable oils , such as distance pieces . Although the emphasis is more to the development of alternative energy plant spacing , does not mean another plant that can produce bioethanol ignored . As disclosed Ariyati Ratna , Director of Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation , Directorate General of Electricity and Energy Utilization at the Department of Energy and Mineral Resources in the workshop use ethanol as an alternative energy fuel mix , recently. alternative energy maize" Government continues to encourage the use of alternative energy sources raw materials and many other plants that can be developed in Indonesia. " Besides jatropha , crude palm oil , cassava , and sugar cane , it turns out there are other plants that bisadimanfaatkan to be ethanol ( ethyl alcohol ) such as sugar - beet , wheat , danjagung . Agus Eko Tjahjono , Chief Technology Center Pati , BPPT , revealing long macarn BPPT has been researching various crops such as cassava , molasses , fruit distances up corn as feedstock bioethanol . The result , bioethanol has several advantages , such as lower emission levels , 's environment friendly and combustion results in the form of C02 is needed for plants to grow. alternative energy maize However, this energy can not replace the existing fuel since this product can only be used as a mixture . " Maybe the composition of 40% bioethanol and 60 % gasoline . " One of the potential crop corn crop is corn that could be developed . Andy Gumala , Asean Business Manager PT DuPont Indonesia , said that the potential for very large corn Indonesia and has multimanfaat . " During this time a lot of corn used for animal feed . Though this product can also be used as bioethanol as has been done in the United States . Fact, this energy can be continuously updated , " he added . According to Andy , of the matter is simple , if the assumption of ethanol to replace 10 % of the fuel needs of the country reached 60 million kiloliters / year , it would require 6 million x 2.4 tonnes of maize which means 14.4 million tons of corn or equivalent with 3 million hectares of corn crops . alternative energy maize Land as much as it could be developed in areas such as North Sumatra , Lampung , Central Java , East Java , and Aceh . Could even more corn plants that could be developed if other regions also responded to the development of bioethanol . With fuel prices high tan skirt - like Pertamax which sold for RpS.300 per liter , the business made ​​from corn ethanol production is still profitable . Count-count to produce one liter of ethanol takes 2.4 kg of maize , where the price per kilogram of corn Rpl.300 , so the cost Rp3.120 . While to produce the energy equivalent of one liter of 1.3 liters of ethanol needed PERTAMAX atausetara with Rp4.200 . Taking into account the advantages of pro - Dusen and distribution channels , then the price to end users around Rp4.500 - Rp 5,000 per liter . In addition , the residue can also be used as animal feed . As an illustration of satuton processed corn residues or residues will produce approximately 318 kilograms . Fulfillment of national needs without relying on imported corn ( self-sufficiency ) seems to have achieved . As spoken KetUc National Corn Board Fadel Muhammad is asking the government to stop the policy of importing maize from 2007 as domestic production has begun to rise and meet the national needs . It's just that the government should encourage the development of corn plants either regular or hybrid as well as other plants in order to supply feedstock to the ethanol plant can be continuous , so that investments in this area will grow. Currently alone there are 11 investors who are ready to build bioethanol and biodiesel plant in Indonesia with a capacity of 50,000 kiloliters to 150,000 kiloliters per year , with investment about 300 billion per plant . Investors certainly requires certainty and continuity of supply of raw materials , so that alternative energy development program could run as expected . references from www.alpensteel.com

10 ALTERNATIVE ENERGY FUTURE

10 ALTERNATIVE ENERGY FUTURE

10 ALTERNATIVE ENERGY FUTURE

Several types of material producers of alternative energy sources , both derived from the processing of plants and other natural resources , we can use to replace fossil fuels . Among them are 10 alternative energy future :

1 . corn 
10 alternative energy future Corn is a plant that can be used to generate energy . The trick is to make ethanol from corn is now widely performed . A company in the United States has developed a corn cob processing engine into alternative fuel sources . Usually after harvesting corn , farmers leave the cobs and stalks . Cob which is the most dense part of the corn , can be taken without affecting or reducing soil erosion soil nutrients .
2 . Jatropha
10 alternative energy future Jatropha ( Jathropa curcas ) became very popular because it can be used as an environmentally friendly alternative energy . Seeds capable of producing oil blend for diesel . Apart from Jatropha , basically oil produced from plants can be used as a mixture of diesel , such as palm oil or soy . Of experiments Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology ( BPPT ) , a mixture of diesel and vegetable oil ( biodiesel ) has a cetane rating ( octane gasoline ) is higher than pure diesel . Diesel mixed with vegetable oil produces more complete combustion than pure diesel emissions that are safer for the environment . In one liter of fuel , the composition of vegetable oil that can be used only 30 percent of the engine so as not to interfere with the vehicle used now . In some developed countries have used biodiesel even 100 percent with engine modifications . Materials of rubber replaced with oil -resistant synthetic nitrile rubber . Although recent experiments carried out for the edible oil from palm head material , it can be done also for castor oil . Crude oil squeezed dry beans results will be processed by trans - esterification process using methanol to separate the water . The reaction is quite simple and only takes about 10 percent methanol . Nearly 100 percent of the oil can be refined , even produce glycerol by-product is also economic value .
3 . Algae plant
10 alternative energy future Algae are plants producing plants are the most efficient alternative energy . This plant is expected to produce 200 times more than the other plants producing diesel fuel . The resulting similarity can be seen as an incredible luck . Based on the calculation , processing of algae in an area of ​​10 million acres or approximately 4.646 acres capable of producing biodiesel that will be able to replace all diesel needs in the United States . The land area is only 1 % of the total land is now used for agriculture and pasture land ( about 1 billion acres ) . Estimated algae can produce 200 times more oil than the oil -producing plants ( oil palm , jatropha ) in the best condition .
4 . Geothermal
10 alternative energy future Geothermal energy is an alternative energy source that is economical , reliable , and environmentally friendly . Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source that is free from scarcity issues . The use of geothermal energy can be traced back to ancient Roman times . At that time , used as a popular geothermal heating and for bathing purposes . Currently , geothermal energy is an alternative energy source that can be used as a power plant .
5 . Hydroelectric Power Plant
Hydroelectricity may still be a popular alternative energy source . Hydropower is a renewable energy source as well as environmentally friendly because it does not produce waste .
6 . Wind Power
Commonly used wind turbines to convert wind energy into electricity . Records show that about 1.5 % supply of the world's electricity is generated by wind power . Although the numbers are relatively small , but the percentage is increasing from year to year .
7 . Solar Power
Solar power is commonly used as a power plant . The development of solar cell technology allows more light , easily transportable , and more efficient .
8 . Tidal energy
As the name suggests , the waves can be used to generate electricity . This technology , although it has great potential , not yet widely used . The main obstacle in extending its use is the negative impact it will have on the marine environment . Power generation from ocean waves has the potential to harm the fish as well as the natural landscape marine environment .
9 . Tidal Energy
Such as energy from ocean waves , tidal energy is also not yet widely used . However , experts see the ups and downs as a promising alternative energy source in the future . Ups and downs are considered promising because it is not predictable like solar and wind energy . One of the main factors that make tidal technology has not been widely applied is the high cost and scarcity of areas with large tidal differences .
10 . biogas
Biogas is produced from biological material which is alive or dead , and can be called as the biomass . Biomass is commonly used as an alternative fuel source for industrial and household needs . Biogas production using airtight instrument with principal parts consist of a digester ( digester ) , raw material intake hole and spending the rest of the products of digestion sludge ( slurry ) and bio gas distribution pipelines . With a particular technology , methane can be used to drive turbines that generate electricity, run the refrigerator , incubator , tractors , and cars . Simply put , methane can be used for cooking and lighting gas stoves as well as LPG .
There are two types of tools or digester biogas plant , which type of float ( floating type ) and fixed dome type ( fixed dome type) . Floating type developed in India consisting of the upper digestive and well placed upside down floating steel drum which serves to accommodate the gas produced by the digester . Wells constructed using materials commonly used to make the foundation of the house , such as sand , bricks , and cement . While this type of digester domes are built by excavating the soil and then created a building with bricks , sand , and cement -shaped cavity air tight and structured like a dome ( half sphere ball ) . This type was developed in China so called dome type or types of China .
In the methane digester bacteria to process waste or biomass and produce methane biogas . With a pipeline that is designed in such a way , the gas can be supplied to the stove located in the kitchen . The gas can be used for cooking and others. Biogas is produced by mixing waste consists mostly of cattle dung with small pieces of plant residues , such as straw and so on , with plenty of water . Residual waste that has been digested by bacteria or bacterial methane biogas in the form of slurry or sludge also have the same nutrient content of organic fertilizer as well as mature compost that can be directly used to fertilize crops .